2010 FORD RANGER XL/XLT VIN 1FTKR1AD0APA44319

This record covers a 2010 Ford Ranger, finished in black. The engine is a 2.3-litre petrol unit with four cylinders. Power reaches the wheels through an automatic gearbox. The specification is taken from the source data and has not been checked against other documents.

The recorded mileage is 81,513 miles. A clock converted from miles to kilometres should be documented, since the swap can hide the true mileage. A single figure proves little: what makes a mileage believable is a series of readings that rise steadily over the years.

In the source data, the main issue is damage to both front and rear. Whether the damage has been repaired since, and how well, is not something a damage entry can show. With damage to both front and rear on file, the inspection should start with the crash structures at both ends and the alignment of the body between them.

A ‘runs and drives’ note means the car moved under its own power when it was checked. A key is on file for the car. Months of standing can leave a car with seized brakes and perished tyres.

Title status in the record: clean. There is no salvage or similar mark, so the car was never recorded as a total loss.

Behind every used car lies a string of events: who owned it and for how long, what the inspections found and which repairs and claims were made. A clean, polished car can still hide a serious accident, a flood or years of hard use.

A cold start, the colour of the exhaust smoke and any oil leaks tell a mechanic a good deal about how an engine has been treated. On a petrol engine, spark plugs, ignition coils and the cooling system are the routine items a service history should cover. Automatic transmissions, CVTs included, are expensive to repair, so the test drive should include pulling away from a standstill and a stretch at motorway speed.

A vehicle identification number has 17 characters: the first three name the manufacturer, the next six describe the model and its specification, and the last eight identify the individual car. The VIN on file for this car is 1FTKR1AD0APA44319. The number in the car’s documents should match the one stamped into the body and the one on the plate at the base of the windscreen.

What a history report can list depends on what has been documented about the car: registrations, mileage readings, damage, branded titles and theft reports. A repair paid for in cash at a small workshop leaves no trace in any database, so no report can list it. A professional inspection makes sense whatever the paperwork shows, because no report measures corrosion, worn bushes or a poor repair. With this 2010 Ford Ranger, the first step is a look at the history behind VIN 1FTKR1AD0APA44319.