2016 KIA OPTIMA LX VIN 5XXGT4L37GG110913

This KIA Optima LX is a 2016 model. Power reaches the wheels through an automatic gearbox. Under the bonnet is a 2.4-litre petrol engine.

The car was recorded with 71,482 miles on the clock. Because the clock counts miles, any figure noted in kilometres has to be converted before the two can be compared. The number on the clock proves little by itself; earlier figures logged at services and inspections are what make it believable. Title paperwork often notes the mileage at each change of owner, which makes it a useful cross-check.

Primary damage in the record: side. Two cars with the same damage label can be very different: one needs a few new parts, the other major work. With side damage on file, the inspection should start with the door pillars, the sills and the side airbags.

The car is recorded as running and driving. A key was present. Running condition describes a single moment, and standing or work done since can change it.

Behind every used car lies a string of events: who owned it and for how long, what the inspections found and which repairs and claims were made. The paperwork is kept by different bodies – registries, workshops, insurance companies and lenders – so the history of one car is spread across many places. Much of a car’s past cannot be seen: a good body repair leaves no obvious mark, and neither do years of hard driving.

On a petrol engine, spark plugs, ignition coils and the cooling system are the routine items a service history should cover. Automatic transmissions, CVTs included, are expensive to repair, so the test drive should include pulling away from a standstill and a stretch at motorway speed.

Every modern car carries a 17-character VIN, and no two cars share one. The VIN on file for this car is 5XXGT4L37GG110913. A VIN that differs between the documents and the car, or shows signs of tampering, is reason enough to walk away.

A VIN report gathers what different sources know about a car, such as the number of owners, mileage readings, damage and any branded title. A history report says nothing about the car’s present condition: the frame, corrosion, electrics and the quality of any repair are judged on a lift by a mechanic. A history check on VIN 5XXGT4L37GG110913 is the place to start.