2020 TOYOTA 4RUNNER TRD OFF-ROAD PREMIUM VIN JTEBU5JR5L5812047

This entry is for a 2020 Toyota 4RUNNER TRD Off-Road Premium, finished in brown. Under the bonnet is a 4.0-litre petrol engine producing 270 hp. The gearbox is automatic, with four-wheel drive.

The record gives the mileage as 63,887 miles. The instruments count in miles; the same distance in kilometres is about 1.6 times the figure. A single figure proves little: what makes a mileage believable is a series of readings that rise steadily over the years. Service invoices and inspection reports each carry a mileage figure, and lined up in order they show whether the clock tells the truth.

Primary damage in the record: rear end. A damage entry is a starting point for the inspection, telling the mechanic where to look first. With rear-end damage on file, the inspection should start with the boot floor, the rear panel and the chassis rails.

The record notes that the car ran and drove. A key was present. A condition note describes the car at one moment; months of standing or later work on the car can change the picture in either direction.

A car’s history answers three questions: who kept it, how it was looked after and what went wrong along the way. Pieces of a car’s history sit with registries, dealers, workshops and insurance companies, and none of them sees the whole picture. A car’s past rarely shows on the paintwork: a well-repaired accident or water damage that was dried out is easy to miss.

A cold start, the colour of the exhaust smoke and any oil leaks tell a mechanic a good deal about how an engine has been treated. On a petrol engine, spark plugs, ignition coils and the cooling system are the routine items a service history should cover. The automatic gearbox should respond smoothly and without delay; jerks, slipping or hesitation on a test drive need investigating.

A vehicle identification number has 17 characters: the first three name the manufacturer, the next six describe the model and its specification, and the last eight identify the individual car. For this car, the VIN is JTEBU5JR5L5812047. Scratches, fresh paint or a replaced plate around the VIN markings are warning signs in their own right.

A VIN report shows what has been logged: earlier registrations, odometer figures, damage entries, branded titles and theft checks, wherever such data exists. A repair paid for in cash at a small workshop leaves no trace in any database, so no report can list it. A VIN check and a physical inspection answer different questions: the first says what happened to the car, the second what condition it is in now. Before making a decision about this Toyota 4RUNNER TRD Off-Road Premium, check the history behind VIN JTEBU5JR5L5812047.